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Social reformsĪs a result of early campaigns by people such as Michael Sadler and the Earl of Shaftesbury, and reports by parliamentary commissions, legislation protecting child and adult workers began to be enacted.
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Migrants from across the world also settled in Britain, notably Jews from Europe and Russia. Within the UK as a whole, people moved from the countryside into the new industrial cities to find work. The Irish poor formed a large number of these migrants, especially after the Irish potato famine in 1845: the Irish moved in large numbers to England and Scotland, as well as abroad. Many Britons left the UK for North America or the colonies in search of a better life. Migration in both directions was a feature of Victorian life. Local history unit – your local railwayīetween 18 alone the population of the UK doubled.Using classic fiction to support the study of Victorian childhood.See also these articles from Primary History: See 'Children in Victorian Britain' (please note: these lessons pre-date the 2014 National Curriculum): Child labour and poverty were also a feature of rural life, where farm work involved long hours, very low pay and exposure to all weathers. There were huge social costs: the dehumanisation of work, child labour, pollution, and the growth of cities where poverty, filth and disease flourished. mass production, steam engines, railways, sewing machines, gas and electric light, the telegraph) that led to an enormous expansion of production, particularly through the factory system. This was made up of technological, scientific and industrial innovations (e.g. Key themes include the following: The Industrial Revolution Over the period there were changes and developments in every sphere of life. How does the British Empire compare with the Roman Empire?.Could the 19th century be called ‘The Age of Improvement'?.What patterns of migration occurred – within, from, and to the UK?.How does Victorian pollution compare with pollution in our own time?.Does technological advance mean the same thing as progress?.Strictly speaking, the Victorian era began in 1837 and ended with Queen Victoria's death in 1901, but the period can be stretched to include the years both before and after these dates, roughly from the Napoleonic Wars until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It took many years for both government and people to adjust to the new conditions. This involved massive dislocation and radically altered the nature of society.
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During this period England changed from a rural, agricultural country to an urban, industrialised one. The 19th century was one of rapid development and change, far swifter than in previous centuries.
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